Structure and expression of Xenopus tropicalis BMP-2 and BMP-4 genes

Structure and expression of Xenopus tropicalisBMP-2 and BMP-4 genes

The Xenopus tropicalis BMP-2 and BMP-4 genes have been cloned and sequenced. A comparison with the corresponding genes from X. laevis reveals that the BMP-4 genes are conserved at a higher extent than the BMP-2 genes. This is especially evident for the intron sequences, but is also reflected by the exon sequences. While the amino acids of X. tropicalis and X. laevis BMP-4 proteins diverge at ab...

Expression of Genes for Bone Morphogenetic Proteins Bmp-2, Bmp-4 and Bmp-6 in Various Parts of Human Skeleton

Gremlin1 preferentially binds to bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and BMP-4 over BMP-7.

Gremlin (Grem1) is a member of the DAN family of secreted bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists. Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) mediates protective effects during renal fibrosis associated with diabetes and other renal diseases. The pathogenic mechanism of Grem1 during diabetic nephropathy (DN) has been suggested to be binding and inhibition of BMP-7. However, the precise interacti...

BMP-3 is a novel inhibitor of both activin and BMP-4 signaling in Xenopus embryos.

In Xenopus, the biological effects of BMP-3 oppose those of ventralizing BMPs, but the mechanism for this antagonism remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that BMP-3 is a dorso-anteriorizing factor in Xenopus embryos that interferes with both activin and BMP signaling. BMP-3 acts by binding to ActRIIB, the common type II receptor for these proteins. Once BMP-3 binds to ActRIIB, it cannot be com...

Expression of genes for bone morphogenetic proteins BMP-2, BMP-4 and BMP-6 in various parts of the human skeleton

BACKGROUND Differences in duration of bone healing in various parts of the human skeleton are common experience for orthopaedic surgeons. The reason for these differences is not obvious and not clear. METHODS In this paper we decided to measure by the use of real-time RT-PCR technique the level of expression of genes for some isoforms of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), whose role is prove...